Research the event regarding the shooting of Congresswoman Gabrielle Paper

The incident regarding the shooting of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords - Research Paper ExampleThe first step to obstetrical delivery her life was the profligate reaction of her intern, Daniel Hernandez. He rushed to her side just moments after the shooting, applied pressure to the entry accidental injury to stem the bleeding and lifted her repoint up to keep her from choking on her own blood. He was called a hero for his quick thinking which played a vital role in saving her life.Gabrielle Giffords was rushed into the hospital immediately just 38 minutes of the shooting. She was conscious when she was immediately rushed to OR where trauma surgeon Peter Rhee, a former military surgeon who served in Afghanistan, worked with remarkable efficiency. The roll of tobacco hit at the back of the skull and exited at the front, travelling through the left side of the brain. The fact that the roll of tobacco went through and through, rather than staying and damaging was another reason w hy she survived much(prenominal) a fatal injury. superstar of her doctors believe that she was fortunate be ground, had she encountered a bullet in such an area which would almost prove it fatal, gibe to Michael Lemole, chief of neurosurgery said that they very quickly took her to the operating room, once in the room they performed the routine procedures for such an injury. They had to artificially protect the brain with an artificial layer. Surgeons had to remove some of her damaged tissues, but in her episode the damage was not as serious. The biggest challenge that the doctors faced was that the brain may well start responding to commands interchangeable squeezing someones hand. The bullet of a small caliber pistol entered the back of her head and exited the front damaging the left side which controls speech.Dr Rhee told that Ms, Giffords was fortunate because the bullet stayed on the left side and did not travel through the midline which would have resulted in death. The doc tors also did not have to remove so much of the dead brain tissue and bone fragments, because pieces of bones travel within the brain cause

Video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video - Essay modellingFive hundred thousand to Seven million people get sick beca give of the contaminated body of urine in the United States. The belief that the water in your taps and showers is clean is entirely erroneous. Here, the safety of close to of the most(prenominal) basic things is contradicted. Where water is, bacteria and germs will also be present. Industrial and agricultural use of water has led to more water being required by plants to grow the same list that they would have grown with five to ten times less water. Animal remains are dumped by slaughter houses and our toilet water is recycled so that we end up drinking it. If our planets water supply continues to be exploited and misused in this way, man will cease to exist. Companies can in some way buy water. Taking water and selling it at high prices while simultaneously depriving the poor cosmos of this basic necessity of life is simply unethical. Companies deprive the people of water after purchasing it as though it is private property and then selling it to only those who can afford it. And if the image of unending women waiting in line for water wasnt heart rendering enough, the babies born with birth defects most definitely is. Companies rob, cheat and lie to gain as much profit as they possibly can. If this land site does not get better, then the world will face what Cochabamba did.

Education in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education in China - Essay practiceAnd because of the rapidly growing economic sector and global presence of China, it is imperative to understand how the reading system works in the country. This essay discusses pedagogy in China and the similarities and differences between the Chinese and American education system. Education in China is categorised into dewy-eyed school, middle school, and high school. Similar to the United States, dozen days ar spent in elementary school and high school, though in China, it is shared out quite differently. In China, six years are spent in elementary school, then tierce years in middle school, and three years in high school, with the initial nine years spent in compulsory education (Peterson, Hayhoe, and Lu 22). One should successfully pass a competitory exam in order to be admitted into high school. High school is offering vocational education and general education. Parents pay for their childrens high school education, and scholarships are granted to those from low-income families. High school students are required to stay in school from 800 am to 515 pm. Gener every(prenominal)y, a finicky school in every city is authorised to offer special education for pupils with impairments (Wang 73). Home get wording is not practised in China, not like in the United States. There are only any non-academic extracurricular and sports activities. Nevertheless, numerous students take part in after-school activities to review for examinations, particularly for university admittance exams, which they can take once, not like the ACT and SAT Reasoning Test which can be taken several times in the U.S. (Liu 62). In China, a large number of students in elementary school are taught mathematics by a professional math teacher. The math teacher is similarly allowed to teach Chinese literacy in grades 1 and 2. In several areas, math teachers may also teach science, but science is not a major(ip) subject in the elementary school pla tform (Peterson et al. 44). In schools in removed-flung or rural places, elementary teachers are also allowed to teach all subject areas, just like in the United States. However, math teachers in elementary schools are habitual in China and less usual in the U.S. Moreover, Chinese pupils use a single classroom for their primary classes whilst in the United States students use different rooms for different subjects or classes (Guo and Lamb 75). The major difference between the education system of China and the U.S. is that in the former, the system in general is far stricter with more rules and in the latter there are considerably fewer limitations and greater freedom (Liu 38). For instance, a pupil having the liberty to choose his/her own classes is not common in China. Every class that a student in China should take is fixed. According to Peterson and colleagues, this lack of freedom in China may be attributed to the huge population of students and giving every student the freedo m to choose his/her own classes is all the way problematic. Another important difference between the Chinese and American education system is the notion of conduct teacher. The head teacher in China performs an extra responsibility in overseeing their particular classes, providing instruction, and knowing and communicating with the students and their families. The Chinese head teacher will not merely teach his/her particular class that

Identification Essay on American History Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Identification on American History - Essay ExampleIt is entrancing to note that the colonist did not see their efforts as leading to their independence. Their drive was the belief that they were fighting for their innate rights. They believed too that they were resisting the corrupt and misguided government representatives and officials. They redoubled their efforts and activism with every new assertion of British government agency, which raised(a) the stake higher and higher. King George III condemnation of the rebellion and protests as unlawful and the rejection of the colonists appeals sharply dashed their faith. American nationalist and patriots even outtually lost their faith in reason and righteousness of the monarchy and out rightly rejected it and went ahead to gain their independence. This beginning of a new society and authority replaced the old. Discussion The American Revolution was a political cataclysm in which thirteen North American colonies came together to opp ose the British patriarchal rule during the last part of the 18ht century. This upheaval led to their break-free from the British Empire and saw the establishment of the United States of America. It began by the outright rejection of the Britain Parliament that governed them without representation from overseas. The British Patriarchalauthority suffered an even bigger upset when all its royal officials were expelled. Each of the thirteen colonies had effectively established Provincial sexual congress that would govern them by 1774. Although they were still under the British Patriarchy, the British sent combat troops to natter direct authority. The thirteen states ultimately determined that, through acts of totalitarianism, the British could no longer claim their inscription legitimately1. They thus broke ties with the British Monarchy in July 1776 when the Congress issued the U.S Declaration of independence, rejecting in all totality the British Empire on behalf of a separate, so vereign new nation. The American Revolution was prompted by a serial publication of political, social, and intellectual transformations in the American government and society. This is what was referred to as the American Enlightenment. It was the period between mid and latish 18th century that saw Americans undergo intellectual transformations and thriving. Americans at this time, rejected the aristocratic cultures in Europe, and instead, championed for republicanism development based on Enlightenment of liberalism. Ethnicity and racism were among the ideals that the Americans rejected during this period. The racism concept viewed from diametric perspectives. The idea of the abundant Chain of Being which suggested that all creation was a kind of hierarchy within which there were different groups of human2. At the time, most Americans were Protestants who vastly believed in the creation theory which asserted that all humans were descendants of Eve and Adam. They therefore, did no t agree with racism and instead tried to use other parts of the al-Quran to explain the various differences in racial appearances. This greatly opposed the idea of Great chain of being. some other significant results of the revolution included the formation of a legitimate government that was democratically elected and was prudent of the peoples will. The level of democracy appropriate in the new government prompted fierce debates with most of the

Abortion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Abortion - Research Paper ExampleThough these sides may be difficult to come to terms with, they offer essential insights, even though other relevant sides of the stories may outweigh these insights.The rhetoric, then concerning abortion discussions revolves around labels such as the pro-life and pro-choice (Alcorn, 2009). Nonetheless, what these discussions technically advance it that either side of the former is against life, while the other side is against choice. Ultimately, these discussions ignore the nuances in a victims ( someones) position. Well, with regard to these, various honourable principles try to demystify the moral groundings of abortion. The first moral consideration is that which considers the status of the unborn child, while the second one is that which considers the rights of the expectant women or rather meaning(a) women (Alcorn, 2009).A great deal of the debate regarding abortion has revolved around the knowledge, namely, whether an unborn child or the fetu s is a person or non. Consequently, if an unborn child is a person, then it has the rights that belong to persons, and not thereof limited to the right to life. Thus, the personification of the unborn child or the fetus is the link amid the former and the right to life (Alcorn, 2009).Therefore, from a philosophical point of view, it is clear that an unborn child in itself is a person. That is, an individual with his or her own right regardless of its status or position. Nonetheless, it is difficult to subside the exact stage at which a fetus develops into or becomes a person (Alcorn, 2009). Could it be at conception, the first trimester, or even at birth? This therefore is the technicality. Nonetheless, taking the life of a person is in itself an illegal act, and the moral grounding of the act may be unjustifiable.The interesting thing near pregnant women is that they are bestowed with the

Strategic Management in Steel Industry Dissertation

Strategic Management in stain Industry - Dissertation ExampleWith this understanding, it might appear that the evident differences in economic and social policies among OECD governments atomic number 18 explicable as rational responses to the real terra firma, based on democratic political choice, free of prevailing concerns to liberalize national economies. In order to run the steel making and the steel selling parentage profitably-which often is set up at massive deployment of capital and manpower requiring setting up of biggish scale steel plants it has become virtually necessary to plan the operations and policy along the strategical lines. In fact strategic management gives a way of approaching the various issues in both business along scientific lines so that business objectives are attained in an orderly and incidentally manner. Some businesses are simple, involving easily understood stages involved right from production to marketing to financial aspects whilst other s -like steel industry- are so very complex that one section of business may not yet appreciate the complexities involved in the operations of another section of the business, not to talk about holding in sync with policy thrusts and strategic orientations of the two sections. Strategic management provides answers readily in much(prenominal) complex business situations by offering a model of identifying the strategic areas where attention and focus is required. This stem approaches the issue of strategic management in steel industry through a thorough publications review exploring the concept of strategic management as it is theorized and practiced in steel industry and attempts to nonplus an empirical support for the same through questionnaire survey of policy making and decision making executives in the randomly chosen steel makers.... From the dissertation, it is clear that the concentration witnessed among the steel industrys customers is still more(prenominal) marked amo ng its suppliers. In the seaborne iron ore trade, three companies control more than 70 percent of the world market. In coking burn, five suppliers control nearly 60 percent of all exports. The merged entity leave forthwith achieve industry leadership with a production capacity of approximately 130 million dozens a year and around 10 percent of world steel output. The new group exit have leading positions in the high-end segments of North America and Western Europe with low-cost production in high-growth, developing economies. In conclusion, Mittal Steel has low-cost operations in the developing economies of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa Arcelor has low-cost slab manufacturing in Brazil as well as other South American facilities. For its part, Mittal Steel will contribute sizeable captive supplies of raw satisfyings enabling the combined entity to have strong positions at any step of the value chain. Mittal Steel is approximately 50 percent self-sufficient in ir on ore and coal and in 2004 produced more direct reduced iron (DRI) and coke than it consumed. It intends to invest in lifting raw material production, particularly at its major mines in the Ukraine and Liberia. The combination of Mittal Steel and Arcelor will result in a steelmaker more than three times larger than its nearest competitor and with every chance of stretching a production capacity of between 150 million tons and 200 million tons within ten years.

Impact of Making Marijuana Legal on the Economy Essay

Impact of Making Marijuana Legal on the thriftiness - Essay ExampleHowever problems arise where the government has lower levels of tax revenue which may strangle make passing, marijuana is an misbranded product and the demand and supply is dictated by current laws, on that point is a bump involved and if it is to be made effective the government has an opportunity to increase revenue, there bequeath be an increase in the payoff of the drug which give increase investment in the production process and therefore provide employment. An increase in employment forget increase per capita and this increase pass on increase spending and the demand for other goods and services in the economy. (Keynes, 2007).In many countries marijuana is an illegal drug and exchanged in the black market. This product has several health side effects however it belt up can be used in the production of other drugs. ... Tax revenueMarijuana has a number of purposes and one of the most important purpos e is that it is used to produce medicinal drugs that can bring to various ailments, on the other hand the product is traded in the black market as a drug, it is estimated that the price is more than triple the cost of production, therefore the traders have huge profits and this is due to the risk involved because its illegal to consume and trade marijuana. If the government makes marijuana legal then there will be an increase in tax revenue, the estimated tax revenue is approximately $1billion. The consumption of marijuana products will also increase presumption that making it legal will encourage individuals to consume the product given that there is no legal risk involved, the increase in demand wills eventually increase trade and therefore increase tax revenue. (About economics, 2009)EmploymentThe other irresponsible impact of making marijuana legal is that there will be an increase in employment. Employment will increase as individuals in the economy will tend to produce thei r own products, the production process will require childbed and capital and therefore employment in the economy will increase, this will be a positive impact given the current recession that has resulted into many individuals losing their jobs and per capita income has declined. The increase in employment means that there will be an increase in per capita income and this means that individuals in the economy will have income to spend therefore improving current living standards. Individuals in the economy will have income that will modify them to spend and this will therefore increase the level of demand in the economy and this will be a solution to the current recession that

Annotated bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated bibliography - concession ExampleThe dancingrs therefore wore appropriate costumes and practiced sophisticated dance moves. The French noble created the minuet, which became popular at the time. The dance involved systematic movement of the legs and hands among other body parts. The dancers maintained harmony as they moved the various parts systematically and in tandem with the rhythm of the music.Hilton Wendy and Susan Bindig trace the life of Hilton Wendy, a renowned choreographer, dancer, teacher and dance scholar. In doing this, the two discover the relationship in the midst of the various definitive dance styles thereby showing that the classical baroque dance metamorphosed into numerous other successive dance styles possibly having influence in some of the contemporary dance styles. They explain that baroque dance moreover as any other dance style was a cultural product associated with the baroque music. Dancers at the time wore systematic costumes that enhance t heir body movements as they danced to the sophisticated baroque music. Harmony was an overriding thematic issue in the various dance styles in the baroque era. The two scholars investigation Hiltons separate of the relationship in various dance styles beginning with ballerina to ballet among many others before destruction with the French Noble style which was a major genre of the baroque dance between 1690 and 1725. such(prenominal) a systematic relationship between the various dance-styles that became popular in various eras proves their thesis that as a cultural concept, dance has transmuted sequentially through time.Sparti, Barbara. Breaking down barriers in the study of spiritual rebirth and baroque dame. DanceChronicles Volume 19, Issue 3. 255-276, 1996. Internet resource.http//www.tandfonline.com/doi/ref/10.1080/01472529608569249tabModuleSparti Barbara sets to clarify the difference between renaissance and the baroque dance, which appear confusing to most people. She begins by explaining that the

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - Essay ExampleThe chapter has addressed a way of initiating a relationship. There argon relationships of circumstance and those of choice. (172) the former is characterized by individuals lives overlapping, which enhances contacts, while the later is delimitate by the relations made with friends or partners. Both relationships are however not mutually exclusive. In the same page, the author reveals a number of issues that would define personal attraction particularly what is referred to as little term initial attraction and long-term maintenance attraction. Away from sexual and physical attraction, it is also storied that intellectual, spiritual and personality attraction plays a huge role in personal attraction.In their yet arguments, the author identifies a few more things that they believe plays a very important role in defining interpersonal attraction. Some of these issues that consume been identified include similarity. By this, it is noted tha t there are things that brings individuals together based on characteristics, attitudes, values as well as interests, which are common among them. Others that have also been noticed are physical attraction, sexual attraction, the proximity with which cardinal and only(a) is to another, the complementarity of others specifically lot whose interests and activities disaccord but complement one another.The chapter looks in details, what one would say first and in what context does one say something. In the process of saying things for the first time, one would certain ask questions. The chapter is quick in highlighting things that are believed to come out in questions and therefore provides some clue on how one can ask great questions. The author describes what he believes to mean a great question. Asking a great question is noted to mean tailoring the question to the person as much as possible then using what one has learnt and observed to formulate the question. The chapter provid es a hint on how people can

Statistics Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Statistics Term Paper - Essay ExampleInterpretation of data and results is one fundamental annoyance of using statistics in the fields of stock and economics. One important statistical tool that for many historic period has become proved to help businessmen and economists is the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysis of variance is a real component of inferential statistics and it tries to measure the difference between two or more self-supporting groups or variables.In this paper, the proponent tries to discuss ANOVA as a significant statistical tool for business and economics especially in inferential statistics and in tests of difference for three or more independent groups, variables or data.Analysis and interpretation of data are important roles associated with inferential statistics. This statistics has different statistical tools or test for the analysis of interval, ratio, nominal and ordinal data. For making inferences from or conclusions on larger groups or population s, or even in generalizing information gathered in one or more samples, inferential statistics has been proven effective in doing so. The goodness of samples is very important to consider in order so as to ensure effectiveness of inferential statistics. In addition, sampling techniques or procedures are necessary or of bulky importance prior to the use of inferential statistical tools. In reality, the only way to find what specialised tool in inferential statistics is necessary for any research problems or studies depends on the nature of data. It is in this reason that inferential statistics is subdivided into two groups parametric and non-parametric tests.Non-parametric tests are tests that do not require conventionalism dissemination and they utilize both nominal and ordinal data (Bajpai 678). One could say that the distribution is not normal when the value of skewness is either positive or negative. Skewness is positive when the mean is greater than the average and

Socialist Critique of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

collectivist Critique of Capitalism - Essay ExampleFurthermore, tenderism argues for the collective ownership of the means of production as this prioritizes the common good against individualistic advantage (A Brief Introduction to Socialism from a Non-Marxist, Democratic Libertarian Perspective, n.d.). integrity can easily recognize that the socialist argument subordinates individual advantage to collective good as this, it is assumed, will overshadow the inherent selfishness of man.Marx was triumphant in his critique against capitalism (Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1847) which was strongly manifested later the 1950s nations of the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and Eastern Europe were aptly persuaded to overthrow their existing mode of production and fill in it with Marxs communism/socialism that promises a classless society which was rather Utopian at the time and until now. Marx befittingly made use of theories of pitying nature to cogently deliver his denigration against capitalism. However, Marx did not directly use the frontier human nature but instead applied another concept which was species-being or species-essence. This conception of Marx in relation to human nature was borrowed from the school of thought of Ludwig Feuerbach which submits to both specific human nature and the entire humanity. Marx translated this philosophy as a treatise that decl ares military man as conscious actors in the unfolding of history and nature itself. In the year 1845, Marx inscribed to the world his belief that the human essence cannot be found in a particular individual but in his association with the larger social relations which he belongs. Logically, this pedagogy points to the insight that the human essence is a fluid concept which is hardwired on the total structure of social relations borne out from a society. He then goes on to assert that the fundamental essence of valet as individuals enmeshed in a particular mode of production is their labor. One of the primary arguments of Marx was that humans are distinguished through their behavior toward production and that this economic activity is their soul. Yet, he did not tout ensemble described labor as a perfectly embedded human essence but unity that is also the source of oppression, alienation, and private property. He ardently argued that in communism labor is an unnecessary human activity and an abhorrent fraction of the material state of societies whereas in capitalism labor represents the material exigencies of the some owners of production and the acters themselves were merely caricatures of torment, suffering, and hard work. Moreover, Marx alleged that productive activities which are vital to human nature are only gratifying if executed freely. Under the pretext of capitalism, labor is nothing but a neb of dehumanization and isolation for the providers of the valuable labor. Furthermore, labor performed in capitalism invariably produces alienation of the workers from their own produce. Marx (1932), in his article on historical materialism, used the allegory of a carpenter working on a chair. A carpenter who successfully accomplished an entire chair is more self-fulfilled than the carpenter who only took fractions of work to complete an entire chair. Marx related labor with self-identity thus claiming that in capitalism which is characterized by

Describe your Out of Class Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Describe your Out of Class Experience - Essay specimenschool period is something not many people do normally and especially when the testinginations be boney and usually the norm is to be found strictly in reading zones. This was a new suffer for me and also for the few friends I was with as i had never done anything like this as I am always busy in the libraries and engaging in group discussions just before an exam which builds up the pressure and tension making remembering harder. This was the exact opposite during this experience as I got to remember even with break much reference to class notes and discussions. The insight I got from this whole experience was that direction is thinkable anywhere as long as one puts their mind to what they are studying or being taught and is relaxed.It was during my summer holiday break last year, when i had an opportunity to experience another out of class experience by attend a seminar that is related to my course in school and that was being held near my home town. The seminar was a five days affair with five different motivational customer speakers most of whom were born in that town and had become successful in their careers.The aim of the seminar was to motivate and pull ahead the students pursuing this course and who are from my home town not to dwell on their backgrounds but call in about the future and how they could change that whichever way they wanted. These were ideal speakers as they had experienced almost all the trials, tribulations and joys that are present in this town and hence the far they reached and whatever they had achieved by the time the seminar was being conducted was possible for the students residing in this location.This got me to start dreaming big about my future and how all the challenges I was currently set about in school and in life as a result of the geographical locations should not be a hindrance but act as a stepping stone towards a bright future. I even got one of the spea kers to be my role model to help me in achieving this dream and

SAM 482 UNIT 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

surface-to-air missile 482 UNIT 8 - Essay ExampleIn the identification phase for riskinesss in crowd wariness plan, the following factors are considered crowd behavior and control, noise levels, risks of run off, weather and use of drugs and alcohol that would lead to stubborn behavior. The plan also incorporates suppliers and contractors. Risks related to their participation in an event moldiness be identify. These could include incompetency of staff, resignation or absenteeism, theft and loss of assets among others.In the risk management action plan, the risks are identified in order and an action drafted with a timeframe. Responsibilities are allocated to experienced staff and recommendations drafted on how the risk leave alone be monitored. This justifies that an effective crowd management plan must be in harmony with the risk management plan.Incorporate an emergency plan. A written action plan is important for this issue. The staff should be in a position to respond to em ergencies promptly. Instructions detailing emergency phone numbers, exit routes, fire extinguisher strategic positions should be accessible to all users of the facility. Any risk and or an accident must be recorded by the event holders. This will assist in planning future events. steer of risk is an appropriate strategy for the organization. Before an event, the event organizer should hold Public Liability insurance policy with a detailed Risk Management Plan. The plan should incorporate all risks anticipated during the sporting event. multitude management plan is an integral element of the larger risk management plan for sporting facilities. An effective crowd management plan will mitigate risks to an equal level of the risk management plan. The cardinal plans must be harmonized since their objectives are

Medical report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medical depict - Case Study ExampleMedical reportThese resolved with courses of ciprofloxacin. Patient also reports chronic knee joint pain previously diagnosed as osteoarthritis. He uses acetaminophen for mild pain and ibuprofen with more earthshaking pain and stiffness. He reports frequent symptoms of heartburn for which he uses Omeprazole intermittently. He has problems with insomnia since the death of this wife and uses Zolpidem from time to time (1-2 times per week). Surgical History Appendectomy at eld 35 Family History RJ is a widower who lives alone in a house that he owns. His wife died 3 years ago from lung cancer attributed to a 40 pack-year dope history. One sister (age 63) is alive and has diabetes. Both parents are deceased. Father died in an automobile accident at age 68 mother died of breast cancer at age 54. Social History RJ has a 60 pack-year smoking history. He has smoked 1.5 to 2 packs per day for 35 years. He reports that he currently smokes 1 to 1.5 pack s per day. Patient indicates that he has thought about stopping smoking but feels that there is too much stress right now for him to attempt it. He reports soften alcohol use (glass of wine 3-4 times a week). He has one adult son (age 30) who is in good health and lives 2 hours away. Results of Pertinent Laboratory Tests, Serum Drug Concentrations, and Diagnostic Tests Note research laboratory numbers in parentheses are listed to highlight that a lab value may be represent in different units. Numbers in parentheses should correspond with the adjacent number for a lab value. For example, cheer note normal BUN is 10a20 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 3.6-7.1 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) Na (sodium)135 K (potassium) 4 Cl (chloride)104 HCO3 23 Glucose 6.6 (119) BUN 4.6 (13) Cr (Creatinine)123.8 (1.4) Hct (Hematocrit)0.42 (42) Hgb 136 (Hemoglobin)(13.6) Liver Function Panel AST 1.0 (60) ALT 1.1 (64) Alk Phos 2.5 (150) GGT 70 (70) LDH 3.2 (190) T Bili 13.7 (0.8) Spirometry FEV1 2. 5 L, Predicted 3.5 L FVC 4 L, Predicted 4.2 L Post Bronchodilator FEV1 2.7 L FVC 4.1 L ABG pH 7.36, pO2 8.6 (65), pCO2 6.0 (45), Bicarbonate 22, O2 sat 93% Chest radiograph consistent with COPD mildly increased A/P diameter, flattening of diaphragms, diffuse scarring noted bilaterally no evidence of acute infectious or malignant process Drug/Non-Drug Plan for INSOMNIA link to depression This patient has many other medical conditions that have much greater importance regarding his hale being but

Computer and Network Hardware Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Computer and Network computer hardware - Assignment ExampleAdditionally, utilizing wireless network is simpler than utilizing cable network that has its own complexities. Hardwired systems have the tendency of reinforcement up individuals in waiting to utilize computers. Consequently, this presents time limitations for individuals utilizing these systems.Fast Ethernet enable clients to receive augmented contagious disease speeds. The Ethernet protocol has implemented a novel standard that sustains 100 Mbps. Fast Ethernet necessitates utilization of dissimilar and dear(predicate) network hubs, in addition to network interface cards (Spurgeon, 2000). Furthermore, this category of Ethernet necessitates utilization of five move pair cable (Contreras, 2005). This category of Ethernet has considerable use in learning institutions to ensure that these institutions obtain tried and true internet services, considering the huge populace that utilizes the internet.Bus and Star are the out strip topologies for library systems although the Star functions best in offering library services. Star topology requires easier maintenance relative to Bus topology. Additionally, it is easily installed and offers weensy difficulties during troubleshooting network-related problems (Bangia, 2005). Backbone entails huge transmissions that deliver information obtained from miniature lines that are linked to these transmission lines. These lines link local area network to WAN depending on the distance of

Summary of chapter 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of chapter 10 - Essay ExampleThis is unlike the eluding in dividends on line of credit thus, stockholders are less likely to acquire fiscal returns as compared to bondholders (Kelly & McGowen 135). commerce securities markets are of two types primary and junior-grade markets. Primary securities market refers to when corporations gain more financial outstanding by selling new securities (Kelly & McGowen 137). On the other hand, secondary securities market trades the previous securities to gain financial capital. Issuing of securities in the primary market occurs in two methods, that is, through a public oblation or private placements. Private placements are faster, easier and cheaper as compared to a public offering (Kelly & McGowen 138).In the secondary market, the pisseds that issue bonds and stock do not receive additional finance when they trade their securities. However, an advantage to the firm is that, at secondary market price, of their stock reflects the investo r opinion about the firms management (Kelly & McGowen 138).Investors convey to keep track on the performance of securities in the market. A major way is to track stock indices. These include Dow Jones Industrial average, Standard and Poors 500 and the NASDAQ Composite Index. These indices help to update the investor and sharpen him or her in the way of investing (Kelly & McGowen

Freas and Geeks Media techniques Essay Example for Free

Freas and Geeks Media techniques EssayHow Media Techniques Create Stereotypes in Freaks and Geeks Take a look again at amply school stereotypes through the short lived television series from the late 90s, Freaks and Geeks. establish on the pilot episode of Freaks and Geeks, media techniques are used effectively to depict the different stereotypes in high school. The camera shots movements are used adequately to array the power of the bullies and the weakness of the victims.For workout, when Sam Weir is approached by Alan (the bully), at lunch, the camera is pointed upwards towards Alans face to make him seem bigger and scarier while the camera would be pointed down on Sams face making him seem smaller and inferior to Alan (Kasdan 1999). This example shows effective use of media techniques by using camera shots because the audience can easily depict the deuce different stereotypes, the bully and the geek.Another way that media techniques are used effectively is through the u se of setting. For instance, the freaks of the show are shown hanging around the patio which is a dirty and worn down area stranded from the field and other students (Kasdan 1999). This is a clear way for the audience to see the difference from the regular students and the freaks thereof making this media technique effective.These two techniques show how Freaks and Geeks uses media techniques effectively to illustrate the stereotypes one might see in high school. Using media techniques such as camera shots and setting effectively is a task that Freaks and Geeks has elegant to portray different high school stereotypes.

Her Lifestory Essay Example for Free

Her Lifestory EssayNow you stern see how successful Concepcion Baylock is. At the age of 12 the young Concepcion was already away from her family and lived with her relatives in holy order to have a good education. Living with her relatives is non that easy, she had to do the household chores for them to let her stay, and she goes to schooldays at the aforementi angiotensin-converting enzymed(prenominal) time. At a very young age Concepcion showed her diligence in everything she does. When the time her grandparents took her, Concepcions life changed because they treat her nicely and they were good to her. However she remedy tried to help doing the chores because she wanted to convey them, in that simple way she showed her grandparents how thankful she is. As a teenager Concepcion supposed to be interruption out with her friends going to movies, parties, and outings. However she missed this, she would rather save her money that was given by her grandparents. She doesnt eve n buy new things. When she was still in her senior years in high school she already worked by teaching grade school student. Later on she worked as a scream operator in the United States Naval force in Subic.While she was working she married an irresponsible man, he just let Concepcion doing all the work. Good thing Concepcion successfully gets out of this marriage. She had a barbarian with this unsuccessful marriage. Years later, Concepcion married again with an American who she had a four children. He is the one who helped her to stage up her first business, they had a jeepney and taxi concession. When her business succeeded she put up her second business a four-storey hotel, which later on turned out to be a combined hotel, night club, and restaurant.Her ventures succeeded, but she remembers that in front she married her second husband she faced many disapproval regarding in her plan f having a business. She never let this bring her down, despite she used this as challenge t o pursue more. Concepcion was not still contented she pursue her education in Manila. She managed to raise her children and run a business at the same time while she was studying. She had a very hectic schedule she only had around four hours of quiet every day. After she finished her degree in commerce, she proceed to law, and then to a masters in public administration, and a doctorate in commerce.Concepcion Blaylock is now a president and chairman of adamant Motors Corporation. As an entrepreneur and a manager Conception knows how to deal with different type of pack. She knew how to treat her people properly. She never hesitates to help them, especially those who showed loyalty to her and to the business. She never forgets to credit the companies who trust her. She always makes sure to check their trust to her. She never abused her creditor, who trusts her. Today, when Concepcion Blaylock looks back at her past she was very thankful for such an palpate that she had.She was ver y grateful with the things that challenged her more to do more and thought her to be strong. A. Cultural Values materialisation of the Value 1. Frugality (katipiran) As a child, she saved money rather than buy new things as an adult, did not immediately buy a car even though she can afford it. 2. endangerment taking (lakas ng loob) She pursue her plan of having a business even though she knew that she dont have any formal orientation in running a business. 3. Amor Propio (utang na loob) She never hesitates share her staff especially those who have proven loyalty and commitment. 4. Harmonious labor management relations She makes it to a point to compensate her people generously with profit sharing schemes and other benefits. 5. Diligence (sipag) At a young age, she already attributed this trait, she do the housemaid works and study at the same time. 6. Endurance (pagkamtiisin) She was already away with her family at an early age, for her to have a good education. She never let this be a reason for not to achieve her goals, instead she makes this as her inspiration. B.As a Filipino we were brought up by our parents to have a sense of adventure (pakikipagsapalaran) that is big help in venturing a business. Filipinos were not hangdog of trying new things , we intend to be a risk taker. We usually put in our intellectual that God will help us in everything we do, that is a bahala na attitude. Bahala na attitude is not that bad because we do our part, but we just hope for the guidance and help of God. We Filipinos are well know of having a good relationship to people such as being family oriented and pakikipagkapwa.Filipinos are naturally have a close family ties. This trait is a good thing when you are in a business. Our family serves as our strength because we knew that they will be always be there to support us. They are the one who inspires us to do our best. Filipinos also exhibits the trait of being good to the people around us. This trait real pla ys a big role in how Filipino entrepreneur manages their people very well. Yes, the Filipino cultivation and values that were instill in us really help in building our entrepreneurial spirit.

Hals Hardware Essay Example for Free

Hals hardware EssayHals computer hardware Inc. s regional, therefore they only have introduces (14 of them) in three states. This chain of guests is a weakness because of their competitors much(prenominal) as Home Depot and Lowes are not regional Franchise Hardware Stores. Hals Hardware Inc. doesnt have a good business process to deal with a bailiwick scale demand. The size of the products that arsehole be delivered directly to the customer is also limited. Hals Hardware Inc. can adapt to an online website filled with the items they sell because all of they have a database of all their items they ever had. Hals Hardware Inc. will be able to expand their stores as well as apply their demonstrations online, have accessibility, and a will adopt new ways means of attracting customers. Convenience to the customers is especially possible to provide payable to the order online and pick-up in-store idea. Hals Hardware Inc. , if developing an e-commerce, will have to consider the factors of their decision. They will be lining immense competitions from larger Hardware industries and e-commerce Businesses who in which has a higher area profile, a vast scope of customers.With other e-commerce Businesses, the threat of losing manufacturing companies from selling via Hals Hardware Inc. , and directly selling their products online using e-commerce sites such as Amazon, and other sites with a wide target client coverage. There are numerous additions that the company may resort to in order to remain strong amidst other competitors. Hals Hardware can deem use of the aspect of conjunction and service that theyve developed in-store and apply it on their website. This can be through in various ways.First, wanted ads from constructors should have a place on the website. From these projects, the web site could hint tools and materials which would bring the attention of customers to certain items by showing how they can be used. Second, website could also be forces for methods of instruction. In the store and tool demonstrations already occur. Online, the instruction manuals that they give out in store could be uploaded, for example. There could also be videos of the tool demonstrations to help online customers see the products in action. Third, seminars and workshops may be loving online.Fourth, customers should be allowed to submit reviews of products that theyve purchased either online or in-store. Moreover, schedules of seminars and workshops should be available online in order to advertise store events and draw in more people both to the website and to the store. With regard to their purchasing process, Hals Hardware should experience a way by which customers can find the store nearest to them prior to completing a transaction. Seeing as some items cannot be delivered directly to the customer due the size of the product and its matter on the price of shipping, the company should consider giving the customer the option of hipping their orders to their home or to a store. To go along with this, solid return and warranty policies should be constructed in order to cater customer satisfaction. To address areas in which their stock and resources are lacking, the company may make use of the site to put advertisements for manufacturers and distributors who would like to have their products or resources available in the store. Otherwise, the existence of a database will be a great help in forming the website. Stock will likely be updated as much as possible as the current database is changed in real-time.The amount of stock and location of products are already interconnected into the current system. Both elements are incredibly useful to online customers. Overall, the website should focus on forming a good kindred between the company and the customers. The community atmosphere should translate to the website. The tight-knit nature of HHIs customer community isnt usually present in large chain stores. If the website con tains features that nurture this, then it has a standing(a) chance against its competitors.

Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing swagger EssayTyson Foods promotes some(prenominal) different types of food in the food chain indus search. They argon ranked 96 in the Fortune 500 in Americas largest corporations. Tysons produced poultry, beef, and pork, as well(p) as providing the previous to several chain investment firms to use reapings. From McDonald nuggets to the Subway sandwich, Tyson is one of the largest poultry processing plants in the country. Tyson likewise distributes bag in bag products to stores which include Sams and Wal-Mart stores some the world. Tyson is best known for the appetizers and tempestuous wings. Tyson has become one of the biggest marketers of value added chicken, beef, pork, as well as distributors to retail grocers, food service distributors, and matter fast food and restaurant chains. The comp any(prenominal) thrives to helping feed the hungry and also donates to the American departure Cross. Other distributions include sending product overseas to Russia and Japan.From the United States to overseas, from grocery stores to restaurants Tyson Foods has become a attraction of marketers in the food industry. They pick out done this by producing the mixture of products that customers enjoy and love to eat. Tyson has a marketing incision that strives to be the leading provider in food service for the customers and consumers. The research and development department work hand-in-hand with the marketing department to achieve the leading market position for the products that are beingness produced today. Tyson brands have specific advertising that leave attract the consumer in the market as well as on line through Check Point LLC. Tyson Brand name can been seen on websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and in general just by surfing the internet.Product coupons can be found in newspaper, online, and grocery stores. All advertising is done within the guidelines of the Federal Trade Commissions. Tyson received the Mosaic and sort Achievement Awa rd for multicultural advertising. office staffed By Tyson television commercials help Tyson achieve the award by reaching out the multicultural groups in todays competitive environment. The commercials also helped get the rallying cry out in a humorous way to give insight and show how Tyson protein adds strength and force to fooling life. The marketing department specifically concentrates on things that focus towards consumer targets such as fast and unproblematic or counterbalance pre-cooked. A major key point is to provide some relief to passing(a) consumer problems such as less prep time for meals or as easy as soda water it into the oven. Marketing paper advertisements are primarily for adults who prepare the meals for their selves or for the family.Television advertisement is done entirely without violence, prejudice, sex, and profanity. All marketing advertisement whether printed or aired on television does not disparage any religion, ethnic, or political group. As an ongoing basis, Tyson thrives to identifying the distinctive markets and business opportunities best for the company. Tyson is committed to finding the everyday solution for customers and the consumers through research and by coordinating a mix of activities on both acute and emotional levels. Tyson products are advertised through television commercial, radio stations, and newspapers. The way to attract the consumers to actually acquire the product is by distributing coupons and in-store ads. Other ways to distribute coupons is in magazine inserts, on the internet, as well as the official Tyson web-site.When a customer is shopping in a local grocery store that is advertising Tyson products as a buy one get one free campaign, the consumer is more liable(p) to buy the products. A working class family that is always on the go will likely try a Tyson product which is easy to prepare along with being affordable. Products such as Tyson Chicken dope Tenderloins can be found in the froz en section in many grocery stores. This product is all natural, and is pre-cooked for convenience. It is always better to try a product when it on sale but Tyson Tenderloins is some four to five dollars for an average box of 5 breaded tenderloins. Tyson has a good marketing mix by publishing coupons which boosts sales of products and aid in the introduction of new products.The Tyson marketing team is promoting product several different ways to boosts products such as the Grill Ready or Anytizers. Along with promoting the products, bulk can go on-line to the official web-site and get recipes, enter into sweepstakes, or watch video commercials. Tyson will also promote the new products available on the website along with cooking tips of the month and options to ask chief and get answers from the experts. Some examples of promotions that Tyson has offered, give people chances to win prizes such as Home Entertainment Systems and possibly even a Ford Explorer. The promotional deals T yson offers can be seen on the official web-sites, surfing the web, and even on FB and Twitter.Previous promotional deals have reached as far as sponsoring Nascar events and the Olympics to the Americas secondary Miss Pageant. Sponsoring events to promote Tyson products is reaching out to beyond the common household. This type of strategy goes to show consumers how being Powered by Tyson works in the economy and is how the campaign is moving forward to proudly Power the World. The Marketing mix of Tyson has grown over the years to become one of the largest industries in the world. ternary productions of products include chicken, beef, and pork.From fresh to frozen, refrigerated to meal kits, Tyson has managed reach out to the consumers by advertising on the web, Facebook, and Twitter. Coupons are another way to get the customers to buy Tyson products even if they havent tried them yet. Tyson has gone preceding(prenominal) and beyond to spread the word on being Powered by Tyson by promoting public events as well as Feeding the Hungry when hurricane Sandy hit the east coast. Tyson is a company that supports the customers and the consumers around the world and is committed to the New Years resolution of Eating Smart.ReferencesRetrieved on January 9, 2013 from http//www.tysonfoods.com/Sustainability/2010/Products/5_5.aspx Retrieved on January 9, 2013 from http//www.tysonfoods.com/Media-Room/News-Releases/2006/09/Tyson-Marketing-Campaign Retrieved on January 11, 2013 from http//www.tyson.com

The narrator’s jealousy of Rebecca Essay Example for Free

The fabricators jealousy of Rebecca EssayThe narrators jealousy of Rebecca permeates the majority of the novel. Beca consumption of her youth and insecurity, the narrator is unable to rede why aphorism chooses to marry her. As she learns more and more about Rebecca, she begins to compargon herself to Maxims first wife, who seemed to be far more beautiful, elegant, and sophisticated than she could ever hope to be. The narrators concentration with Rebecca develops to the point that she concludes that Maxim is still in crawl in with her. With this revelation, the conflict between the narrator and the shop of Rebecca becomes a competition for Maxims sleep together. Yet, with her desperate enjoy for Maxim and jealousy of Rebecca, the narrator has no stamping ground until Maxim tells her the truth about Rebecca.Only then can the narrator overcome her jealousy and lift her marriage as the sole Mrs. de Winter. Jealousy also appears on Maxims side of the narrative, specificall y in his relationship with Rebecca and her many lovers. Maxim confronts Rebecca in the boathouse and ultimately kills her because she manipulates his jealousy into a tool for her cause destruction. In both(prenominal) cases, jealousy is a destructive force that has the ability to destroy both Maxim and the narrator if they let it. Escaping the pastOne of the main conflicts of Rebecca revolves around Maxim and the narrators efforts to tend the past. From his first entrance in the novel, Maxim is tormented by the memory of his marriage to Rebecca and his eventual hit of her. Even though the narrator neer knew Rebecca, she is equally haunted by her mien at Manderley by dint of her physical representative, Mrs. Danvers. The characters are only able to move forward with their marriage after each sensation has come to terms with the past in their individual ways. For the narrator, Maxim must(prenominal) reveal that he never loved Rebecca in order for her to assume her position as mistress of Manderley. Maxim, on the other hand, must own up to the consequences of his actions and stop running from the memory of what he has done. In the end, Maxim and the narrator be on cloud nine over the memory of Rebecca simply only after Manderley, with all of its memories of her, is destroyed. Good versus evil.Du Maurier plays with the dichotomy between ripe(p) and evil in the way that shepresents the main characters. From a general perspective, it is clear that the narrator and Maxim are on the good side, while Rebecca and Mrs. Danvers are on the bad side. Yet, Du Maurier adds complexity to each character so that all sense of good and evil becomes purely subjective. For example, Maxim is the primary male character and the narrators love interest and thus, is presented as the hero of the novel. At the same condemnation, however, Maxim is a manslayer who shot Rebecca in a fit of rage, an act that is hardly appropriate for a hero. Similarly, while Mrs. Danvers is pres ented as the antagonist of the novel who actively strives to undermine the narrator, she is also an individual who is overwhelmed with grief at the lost of her virtuoso and mistress. By blending the concepts of good and evil, Du Maurier creates a set of characters that are truly human in their complexity and motivations. Love vs. hateLove and hate serve as crucial motivational tools for the primary characters in Rebecca. In most cases, characters exhibit both emotionssometimes even a blend of the twoand use their love or hate to justify their actions in the novel. For the majority of the text, Maxim is motivated by his love for the narrator and Manderley, as well as his hatred for Rebecca and her memory. Mrs. Danvers and Jack Favell, as the seeming villains of the piece, are both prompted by their love for Rebecca and hatred for those who seem to have forgotten her. In Mrs. Danvers case, Rebecca is the object of an obsessive love that Mrs. Danvers uses to justify her hatred of the narrator and her attempt to undermine Maxims second marriage. Jack Favell, on the other hand, had hoped to marry Rebecca, and he uses his disappointed love to justify blackmailing Maxim. As the object of both love and hate, Rebecca is the only character who seems to be motivated purely by self-love in her behavior. As a result, she manipulated the emotions of those around her to her own advantage and maintained power over Manderley both in life and in death. IdentityOne of the major radicals of the novel is the narrators search to establish her own identity. Du Maurier establishes this theme from the very beginning by maintaining the narrators anonymity, as only Maxim learns the narrators lovely and unusual name. When she marries Maxim, the narrator isautomatically given a new identity as Mrs. de Winter, but she does not feel comfortable or suited to the role. The narrators uncertain identity worsens during her time at Manderley because the constant reminder of Rebecca, the real Mr s. de Winter. The narrator is quickly overwhelmed by the strength of Rebeccas presence and even considers given up all claims to an identity as Maxims wife. The climax of the narrators identity crisis is at the Manderley costume ball when even her physical appearance is overshadowed by the memory of Rebecca in the same costume. In the end, the narrator must learn the truth about Rebeccas disposition before she can feel assured of Maxims love and her identity as Mrs. de Winter.

John Dewey and early childhood education Essay Example for Free

behind Dewey and early clawhood direction EssayEducation is not preparation for life. Education is life itself. washbasin Dewey (1859-1952) (Ministry of Education, Singapore, 2003) The set of Desired Outcomes of Pre-school Education that the Ministry of Education(MOE) had put together in 2003 highlighted the significant importance of pre-school education creation the platform for lifelong learning. Its intention were far beyond preparation of these children merely for Primary inculcate curriculum (Wong,2000). Very some(prenominal) a akin to stern Dewey (Dewey)s quote, MOEs take on pre-school education exists similar context. I felt that it challenges the sensed notion that education is only ab tabu getting the needful qualifications or securing a good job. However, with an open mind, education in fact occurs throughout life. This lets or so a few educational principles of Dewey which had influenced me in my workings with children in a pre-school setting. I felt tha t the central purpose of Deweys view of education was that there should be greater emphasis on allowing children develop riddle solving skills, critical thinking skills, and being adequate to make decisions on their experience, rather than simply on the memorization of lessons.Through real life experiences, instead of merely being on the receiving end of put-upon information, children were able to develop the required skills effectively (Seefeldt and Barbour, 1998). Active learning has been widely advocated in my child caution centre. I often incorporate and encourage it too. Lets say I will be teaching on the theme of occupation and limit ups are the topic of the week. For the younger age group wish pre- glasshouse and nursery, I would provide real materials like a doctor play set.Children would be encouraged to explore these materials at their protest pace and interests. They would be able to experience how it feels like being a doctor and thereafter get an insight of w hat a doctors work scope is about. Concurrently, they would be unresolved to the instruments that a doctor uses. I would alike ask children open ended questions like What does a doctor do? Which tool do you think a doctor uses to hear your heartbeat? If you are a doctor, how would you hear my heartbeat? .I believethat such open ended question encourages children to construct their avow understanding of images. I would excessively drop hints and attempt to spur their interest when children become uninterested and front clueless. On top of these activities, for the kindergarten classes, I would introduce a Doctor of the day where the child would, alongside the teacher, encourage in the daily temperature taking of children. This way they would understand the concept of what is taken to be ill and what is not, and also who should they visit at times when they fall sick.I would also liaise with a nearby clinic and bring the children on a trip, getting the doctor to assist in givin g the children a short certainty of a regular consultation in the clinic. The children will not only be able to pass how a clinic setting is like, they will also be able to pose questions to the doctor to find out more. Following which, I would plan for a clinic role play where children are free to express their own interpretation and ideas of a being a doctor. In tie with Deweys avocation of active learning, this concept of learning has been strongly supported by the local context too.In the Code of Ethics, professionals are compel to promote and encourage children to be actively involved regardless of ability (Association for Early childhood Educators, Singapore, 2005). Dewey also advocated that the school is a social institution (Flanagan, 1994). He believed that through social interaction with adults and peers, learning would be further reinforced (Henniger, 2002). Communication with peers or adults allows children to think, process their thoughts into verbal words and ther efore encourages and stimulates a childs thinking.Interactive learning is also vital to social development. Being able to develop a positive and satisfying relationship with peers and adults is crucial for effective social interaction and is often a contract of pre-school programs (Early Childhood Teachers Association, 2003). In my workings with children, I own realized the important role social interaction plays in a childs development. Children across all pre-school levels enjoy talking and interacting with each new(prenominal) over their thoughts, opinions and experiences. One way I encourage this is by planning for problem solving in group discussions.For instance, the kindergarten children would be issued a problem at the start of the day What are the features of an insect? They would then be divided into groups to explore the problem by going into the various learning centres I have set up toacquire the information. This can be followed up by bringing the children on a s ubject trip to the Botanical Garden where children are able explore on the topic and make drawings and notes on their observations as a group. At the end of the day, they would discuss about their gatherings again in groups, and then amaze their findings.Other than learning how to function as a member of a group, children would also be able to learn cooperative skills and conflict resolution through the activity. Besides peer interaction, adult interaction plays an every bit important role. In the Assessment of Licensing Standards in child care centre, staffs are to encourage interaction with children in order for children to be able to understand self and others (Ministry of Community Development and Sports, 2003). In the pre-nursery and nursery classes, I take time to listen, make eye contact and respond to children.This makes children feel comfortable and it motivates them to interact more with adults. I would also plan for activities like net play and painting on large cover where children are able to proceed with the activity together. Through such activities, they are able to discuss, comment and circulate with each other too. I would also ask questions like, What do you think Clarisse has molded? Does it look like a sandwich? which allows for creative thoughts to be expressed and interaction to take place. Deweys philosophy perceived a teachers role as a guide and observer, rather than an instructor or a disciplinarian.The teacher is to provide and prepare the environment and curriculum to allow children to benefit and learn productively from it. Teachers were also expected to observe children and come up with activities designed to facilitate optimal learning (Feeney, Christensen and Moravcik, 2006). For the pre-nursery and nursery classes, I would provide a large smorgasbord of materials where children would be given the choice to choose ground on their preference. I would not interfere in their choice activity as long as it conforms safety st andards. I would also plan for activities where children could explore and exercise trial and error.For instance in the scratch making session, they would be able to explore how much water is needed to achieve the texture of dough they would like, and what should be added when the dough becomes too soft. However, I would be guiding children whenever they are stuck or faced with much difficulty. I would also put up childrens work like their art work at a prominent corner of the classroom to make them feel that their work is valued. For the kindergarten classes, I would plan the lesson together with the children and come up with activities that could tap on their interest.For instance, discussing with children about which occupations interests them the most by showing them a variety of it. After the children have made their choices, I would plan activities catered to their interest. Throughout the lesson, I would make observational notes about each child and provide experiences or ma terials catered to individuals interest. For example if a child shows immense interest in the occupation teacher, I would plan for the child to have a go at teaching his fellow classmates a song.Or if a child is interested in being a policeman, he could patrol the corridors before nap time to ensure that children are not hiding in the toilets or up to mischief. Similarly, under the Framework for Kindergarten Curriculum, MOE recommend putting their principles into practice in a few ways. These includes, preparing the learning environment by encouraging learning at their own pace and choice, planning substantive activities based on childrens interest and abilities, allowing resources and materials to be easily and readily available and observing and observe childrens development.(Ministry of Education, Singapore, 2003) Through Dewey, I become aware of various methods and principles which plays a vital role in childrens pre-school learning. Though there were also controversies in De weys philosophy, I believe that each philosopher possesses their own virtues and Dewey was one which struck me the most. References Association for Early Childhood Educators, Singapore (2005). Code of ethics. Retrieved March 23, 2010 from http//www. aeces. org/code_of_ethics Early Childhood Teachers Association (2003). Educating young children.Journal of early childhood teachers association inc and school of early childhood university of technology, 9(1) Feeney, S. Christensen, D. Moravcik, E. (2006). Who am I in the lives of children? an introduction to early childhood education (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson Education. Flanagan, F. M. (1994). John Dewey. Retrieved March 24, 2010 from http//www. admin. mfu. edu/ctlf/Ed%20Psych%20Readings/dewey. pdf Henniger, M. L. (2002) Teaching young children An introduction (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson Education.

Spanglish & Linguistics Essay Example for Free

Spanglish Linguistics EssaySpanglish is a well-kn hold frontier that describes the linguistic behaviors on Spanish speakers, whos Spanish is uniquely influenced from the English language. Spanglish can also be defined as a mixed- engrave vernacular that includes a range of linguistic phenomena, most nonably code-switching. notwithstanding the fact that Puerto Rican linguist, Salvador Tio, coined the term Spanglish in the late 1940s, this language contact phenomena has actually been used over the onetime(prenominal) 150 years, since the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. Some would consider Spanish a 3rd language and some would drip it as unorganized slang. In modern society, Spanglish is classified as a popular term, not a technical one. Although galore(postnominal) variations of Spanglish do exist and is widely denounced for being a form of slang, Spanglish has proven, to hold its take in flexible syntax, grammar interface, and switching rules. Spanglish can be foun d in the speech of the Hispanic population of the linked States, especially in communities located near the border, such as Southern Texas, and communities with significant Latin influence, similar Miami and in the buff York City. Every Hispanic group has its own variant of Spanglish (Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Boricuan, Mexican,e. t. c) and can differ depending where the region is located.San Diego, for example, borders Mexico where many Spanish and Spanglish-speaking citizens currently reside. Historically, the United States and Mexico were both seeking land near the border during the mid 1800s, just now both countries spoke opposing languages (English and Spanish). They were TWO RADICALLY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF SOCIAL CONDITIONS, ECONOMICS, POLITICS, AND CULTURE. (5. rescuer VELASCO-MARQUEZ). AMERICAN AND MEXICAN POLITICIANS WERE FORCED TO USE legislation projectING TO COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER AND severally SIDE.ATTEMPTED TO ACQUIRE THE OPPOSING COUNTRY S LANGUAGE. even soTUALLY, THE TREATY OF GUADALUPE, SIGNED IN 1848, ENDED THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN struggle AND BEGAN AN ERA OF PEACE mingled with BOTH COUNTRIES. THE PEACE TREATY ALSO ESTABLISHED THE BORDER BETWEEN BOTH COUNTRIES, ATTRACTING COLONIES TO VILLAGES ALONG THE BORDER FOR TRADE AND STOCK ROUTES. THE CULTURE OF THESE VILLAGES, WHOSE RESIDENTS HAIL FROM BOTH AMERICA AND MEXICO, CREATED SPANGLISH AS A pass.DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PANAMA CANAL IN 1881-1914, AMERICANS NOW HAD ACCESS TO TRAVEL DEEPER INTO SOUTH AMERICAN, WHICH do SPANGLISH AND CODE SWITCHING AVITAL FORM OF COMMUNICATION. ASIDE FROM THE MEXICAN BORDER, SPANGLISH HAS ALSO FOUND ITS dash ONTO THE TONGUES OF CUBAN-AMERICANS AND CUBANS, WHOVE MIGRATED FROM CUBA during the 1953-1959 Cuban Revolution.During the early to mid-1900s, New York City was also experiencing a similar wave OF MIGRATION, AS umteen PUERTO RICANS WERE SETTLING IN NEW YORK FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REASONS. Spanglish can be divided into t hree subdivisions 1. Adapting lexical items (loan manner of speaking) from one language into the other on a phonological or morphological (roots/affixes) level. (e. g, saying updatear to updateinstead of the Spanish alternative actualizar).Borrowed verbs fly the coop to carry the borrowing languages inflections (e. g. parquear to park). 2. Calques linguistic communication or phrases in one language whose semantic components are directly translated from another language. (e. g. to call spikelet becomes llamar para atras which is the literal word-for-word translation. Although the translation was entirely in Spanish, the grammar influence was due to English. 3. Code-switching The phenomenon that occurs when adapting loan words from one language into the other in the uniform utterance or conversation.Two main types of code switching can be identified. Internsentential code-switching occurs when the switch is made at a clause boundary (e. g. Im extremely tired, me voy a domir), In trasentential code-switching occurs when the switch is made within a clause (e. g. Mi abuela le gusta cooking). Intersentional code switching tends to be more popular than Intrasentential code switching, as speakers tend to alternate among multiple CONSTITUENTS WITHOUT ERROR (TORRES 330). THE FLEXIBLE, YET RULE GOVERNED, LINGUISTIC PHENOMENA OF SPANGLISH INCLUDE SIMILAR (YET MORE COMPLEX) COMPONENTS OFSPANISH- slope CODE SWITCHING. ANGLICISMS/LOAN developS ARE BORROWED lyric poem (OR PHRASES) FROM THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND INCORPORATED INTO SPANISH (OR ANY LANGUAGE). AN deterrent example OF THIS BEHAVIOR IN SPANGLISH WOULD BE THE TERM TROCA (WHICH TRANSLATES TO TRUCK IN ENGLISH AND CAMIONETA IN SPANISH) OR THE WORD PARQUEADERO (WHICH TRANSLATES TO PARKING LOT IN ENGLISH AND ESTACIONAMIENTO IN SPANISH). NEITHER ONE OF THESE WORDS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS CODE SWITCHING NOR CAN BE PROPERLY DEFINED AS ENGLISH OR SPANISH.IN FACT, SOME LINGUISTS BELIEVE THAT IN ORDER TOUSE PROPER CODE SWIT CHING, THE verbaliser MUST ATTAIN A HIGH COMPETENCY IN EITHER LANGUAGE, AND THEREFORE SHOULD NOT even out BE COMPARABLE TO SPANGLISH. THESE LOAN WORDS hunt TO FOLLOW A SET OF LINGUISTIC embodiment IN SPANGLISH, SUCH AS ADDING THE SPANISH INFINITIVE ENDING OF -AR TO ENGLISH WORDS, correspondingMAPEAR (TO MOP), TEXTEAR (TO TEXT), CHANGEAR (TO CHANGE), LINKEAR (TO LINK), AND RELESEAR (TO RELEASE). FREE MORPHEME CONSTRAINT AND equivalent weight CONSTRAINT ARE TWO LINGUISTIC CONSTRAINTS IN SPANGLISH. FREE MORPHEME CONSTRAINTS STATE THAT SWITCHING BETWEEN destined MORPHEMES ISPROHIBITED (E. G. ESTAMOS TALK-ANDO OR YO ESTOY EAT-IENDO). EQUIVALENT CONSTRAINTS STATE THAT NO SWITCH CAN BE make IF THE RESULT IS UNGRAMMATICAL, AND MUST BE GRAMMATICAL TO BOTH LANGUAGES (E. G. I SAW LO INSTEAD OF I SAW HIM).IN NEW YORK CITY, PUERTO RICANS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED TO SWITCH FORM CLASS WORDS, SUCH AS NOUNS AND PRONOUNS, AND RARELY SWITCH AUXILIARIES AND ADJECTIVES. MANY SOCIOLINGUISTS, SUCH AS ILLA NA STAVANS), ARGUE AGAINST FREE MORPHEME CONSTRAINTS BY USING LEXICAL WORDS LIKE JANGEAR EVEN THOUGH -EAR IS A BOUND MORPHEME IN SPANISH USED TO CREATE VERBS.STAVANS ARGUMENT DECLARES THAT EVEN THOUGH FREE BOUND MORPHEME RULES STATE THAT SWITCHING BETWEEN BOUND MORPHEMES IS PROHIBITED, EXCEPTIONS CAN BE MADE IF THE LEXICAL WORD IS PHONETICALLY INTEGRATED INTO THE BOUND MORPHEMES LANGUAGE. CALQUES, OR LOAN TRANSLATIONS, GO nurture THAN JUST BORROWING WORDS OR PHRASES. THE SPEAKER CREATES A LITERAL TRANSLATION OF THE SENTENCE WITHOUT changing THE GRAMMAR FORMATUNGRAMMATICAL TRANSLATION. FALSE COGNATES FOLLOW A SIMILAR FORMAT AS THEY BORROW WORDS FROM ENGLISH TO SPANISH BUT PROVIDE A ROOT WORD THAT TRANSLATES INTO A DIFFERENT significance (E. G.CARPETO IS INDEED A SPANISH WORD, BUT THE SPEAKER WOULD BE INCORRECT IF THEY WERE USING IT TO DESCRIBE A CAR PET, AS CARPETO ACTUALLY MEANS FOLDER IN SPANISH. BECAUSE ROOT WORDS TEND TO BRANCH ACROSS MULTIPLE LANGUAGES, FALSE COGNATES ARE THE MOST COMMONLY USED DEVICES IN SPANGLISH. base on public literature, specifically Spanglish The Making of a New American Language (2003) by Illan Stavans, for each one Spanglish speaker has their own regional dialect depending on their heritage, social lass, and age. Some of these include, Cubonics (Cuban-Americans), Nuyorrican (Puerto Rican spoken in New YorkCity) and Dominicanish (Dominican-Americans). Stavans explains that theres no such thing as one Spanish, and each group has its own speech pattern.His view on Chicano Spanish, (which he considers Mexican-American Spanglish), contrasts opposing views from another sociolinguist, Carmen Fought. Fought studies Chicano Spanish, and believes that is neither Spanglish nor a fluctuation of nonstandard Spanish but, rather, is a unique dialect used by speakers who are typically not bilingual. Fought even challenges Chicano Spanish stating the speakers are likely to not even knowSpanish at all, and because of their extravagantly vowel pronunciation on the letter I (words like going are spoken as go-WEEN or talking becomes talk-EEN) other people might believe what theyre hearing is the accent of a native Spanish speaker, which is false.Cubonics however, uses many loan words like pulover, which is literally almost spelled the same as the English word it borrows from (pullover), but the Cubonics definition is referring to a shirt whereas camiseta would be the proper(ip) Spanish translation. Social motivation for code switching

The Western Region of Abu Dhabi Essay Example for Free

The western Region of Abu Dhabi EssayThe western sandwich Region of Abu Dhabi in United Arab Emirates is suffering from a high illiteracy rate among liberal nationals who atomic number 18 aged 40years and above. Due to the lack of reports/academic publications purchasable for improving this condition, a research work is carried extinct towards investigating the reasons and providing feasible solutions to overcome this pathetic situation in the occidental Region of Abu Dhabi.The research overly aims at providing reasons why illiterate citizens didnt participate in the adult education program unionised for them and the effectiveness of VIP classes in solving the high illiteracy among older adults. The main purpose of the oeuvre was to understand the minimal requirements for adult learning, steps taken by government towards resolving this issue and the alternatives available to overcome this issue. The outcome of research was based on informal educational program in Western Region, where a group of illiterate female adults aged above 40 years participated in a survey/interview.The enormous data collected from the participants during survey helped in analysis towards originating a set of recommended actions and maturation of a proposal for reducing the illiteracy rate in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi with the help of Western Region Development Council and their stakeholders to pilot test the VIP adult learning program in most cities.The participation survey conducted for VIP adult learning program was positive, which conclude that the implementation of VIP adult learning program is an effective solution to overcome high illiteracy rate among adult nationals who be aged 40years and above.

Marketing and Citibank Essay Example for Free

merchandising and Citi depose EssayACKNOWLEDGMENTAlhamdulillah, first of all i would alike to thank God as ultimately I was able to finish my assignment that take in been given by Marketing lecturer to me. alike that, not forget excessively a to my friends Muhammad Kharusani beca r extinctine without his guide me assignment heapnot be d maven properly like this. He al ways gives supports and guide to me how to do the assignment in purpose to produce a correct out cut from research that been studied. Credits also ar given to friends class HND1B which help each impudent(prenominal) to complete this task. Topic that been given by me are regarding sentiment and run of selling citi coast company. Finally, thank to our earnest friend that always stick together and also work hard to produce a nigh assignment with all afford and responsibility. Hope that all the effort allow give a deal out of emoluments to me . Not forget also for those who help me complete this assi gnment direct or indirectly.ABOUT CITIBANKCitibank, a major international bank, is the consumer banking arm of financial operate giant Citigroup. Citibank was founded in 1812 as the City depose of New York, later First National City Bank of New York. As of March 2010, Citigroup is the third gear adultst bank holding company in the United States by total assets, after Bank of the States and JP Morgan Chase. Citibank has retail banking operations in to a greater extent(prenominal) than 160 countries and territories around the world. More than half of its 1,400 offices are in the United States, close toly in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Washington, D.C. and Miami. More recently, Citibank has expanded its operations in the Boston, Philadelphia, Houston, and Dallas metropolitan areas. In addition to the standard banking transactions, Citibank offers insurance, quotation government notes and investment crossroads.Their online function divisio n is among the most prospering in the field, citation needed claiming about 15 million affable occasionrs. As a result of the worldwide financial crisis of 20082009 and huge losses in the value of its subprime mortg climb on assets, Citibank was rescued by the U.S. government to a beginninger place plans agreed for Citigroup. On November 23, 2008, in addition to initial aid of $25 billion, a further $25 billion was invested in the corporation together with guarantees for risky assets amounting to $306 billion. Since this time, Citibank has repaid its government imparts in full.Q1. Present two definitions of market and compare some(prenominal) definitions. Provide relevant examples which relate to Citibank case study. found on Philip kotler definition, Marketing is a social and managerial process whereby individuals and groups obtain what they need and want turn ine creating and exchanging returns and value with otherwises. In other words, node will re-sentencing what their value (e.g gold), only if their want is met. establish on my opinion, Philip kotler saying that plenty change what they want is to ingest profit and habit their valuable item to change it. In day by day life also, we need to satisfy our demand by physical exertiond exchanging process otherwise we quarternot improve in a way of how we live. In wanting to possess such a product, we pay off to pay a price (cost). Hence, in making a decision to purchase an item, the client will consider both the value and the price. After we have decided on the product, it can then be procured via the process of exchange or transactions.Based on Citigroup, they are using this strategy to satisfy their node needs and wants. Based on Rochelle Rucker, Citibank faced a few problems to initiate manual fund problems. When they want to send bullion from their calculates, they call their banker and then fax, phone or mail in requests to have the transaction processed. Because the process was s o complicated, nodes complained. Most of the complaints lodged with the department dealt with the time it took to complete the process. So, in order to overcome this problem, Citibank use six sigma plan rules to solve it. Six Sigma is a parentage management strategy seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and line of merchandise processes.Six sigma used a simple method which is Pareto chart. This chart gives information which has the highest problem occur most often. A team composed of bankers and operations people identified the integral funds transfer process, tabulating defects and analyzing them using a Pareto chart. One of the methods is using internal call-back procedure, which required cater to call the person requesting the funds transfer to make sure that the instructions were correct and hadnt been altered. So in this way, Citibank can ensure that their g uest has no problem and problem solved. By using this six sigma method Citibank strives for perfect processes to satisfy guest.In Citibank Malaysia, they have proved their commitment for their customer and community live. A large aspect of Citibanks corporate citizenship in Malaysia focuses on helping people of all ages better regard and practise financial management. In 2010, Citibank Foundation allocated grants totalling USD208,000 for their community-based projects. They have worked with Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) and invited a new collaborationism with ERA Consumer Malaysia to launch the second season of the Stretching Your Ringgit program on TV1, TV2 and Radio RTM. The initiative followed promote survey findings that showed more than 70% of Malaysians polled realised the importance of financial management, especially those in the low-middle income bracket. According to American Marketing Association Board of Directors Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, an d processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.In this case, AMA said that market occur when both of the company involve when there is activity among them. Citibank use the very(prenominal) thought which they erect services to their customer to save the money and make it easier. Citibank also provide bank loan, Credit card, Deposits, Investment, Citigold which gives benefit to customer. Citibank also use communicating to contact with their customer to provide services or solving problem. Citibank provide services to customer which can give both benefit. for example Citibank provide bank loan and this can reduce burden for people which has low income. As for the Citibank also, they make interest for those who relieve bank loan and this will give benefit to the firm.Both of definition gives the same meaning in different way. Philip kotler emphasize of the customer needs and wants . We can say Citibank really charge about their customer so they will analyze the best to overcome any problem that customer faced. In india Citibank deal out their customer, this can be shown by their customer I can safely say that Citi provides the best card services for India, which is why most of my spend is on Citi and I recommend it to my friends. A lot of the success is the result of having passionate, committed, service point people like Manish.My kudos to him. (J sajeev, 2011).American Marketing Association which more to creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society. The difference between this concept is AMA is more to set of activity which no related to customer needs and wants. Citibank satisfy their customer and this is the key of how Citibank more success than the others banker in Malaysia. Compare to Maybank Malaysia, Citibank is much sometime(a) than the others banker in Malaysia. We can say that Citibank is more experience in handling money.Q2. Identify at to the lowest degree three main characteristics of a merchandising-oriented organization of Citibank case study and provide an examples for each characteristic. What is marketing orientation? Marketing orientation is a philosophical system focused on discovering and meeting the needs and desires of its customers through its product mix. Unlike past marketing strategies that concentrated on establishing selling points for existing products, market orientation kit and boodle in reverse, attempting to tailor products to meet the demands of customers. In essence, market orientation can be thought of as a coordinated marketing campaign between a company and its customers. Nowadays, business firm use this concept to make their customer stick with their product. We can say that the inclination that companies can create a product and sell its features to an eager misdirecting public is no yener concrete. With an increasingly global sparing and more and more choices for consumers, companies must be willing to adapt their market orientation to stay competitive. Based on my opinion, nowadays in Malaysia, we can see a lot of bank is available.So the rivalry takes higher than before. In order to attract more people to use their services, Citibank has to adapt with current situation. Citibank use marketing oriented business to identifying customer, consumer needs and wants. In Malaysia, Citibank provide Islamic banking way to satisfy their customer. By using PEST analysis, we can say that Malaysian people are majority muslim and the idea of Citibank to provide Islamic banking which satisfy customer are brilliant. So people can enjoy with low interest rates given. Citibank in Malaysia facing a problem regarding high interest rate offered, so they make a research and develop a new system which enable customer use their Islamic banking. Another services that they provide is Citibank Guard Savi ngs is The first savings account in Malaysia thats enhanced with free Takaful coverage against critical illness.Citibank Home i Partner provide lie Rate, Flexible Payment and Daily Calculation, Citibank Checking Account I is a system provided by checking account that honours degree the Islamic banking article of faith of guaranteed safe custody approved by the Shariah body. Based on the services provided by Citibank, we can conclude that Citibank care about their customer needs and develop a new system according to community lived. Just like the others bank, Citibank online will make all the transactions become much easier as customer can save valuable time and money. No more hassles with long queues, parking and travelling.As we can see, Citibank developing products to meet customer needs and wants. So they come out with product and services which give benefit to their customer Credit Cards, Ready Credit, Home Loans, Loans, Deposits, Investments, Insurance, Islamic Banking. So th is is basic need in any of bank in Malaysia. What is the differences between Citibank and the other bank? So lets take an example of Citibank ready card. Citibank Ready Credit is an Unsecured Personal Overdraft with Checking adroitness that allows you to access cash easily in any amount in excess of your source difference up to the approved overdraft limit. With ready card, we can access our balance in credit card level(p) if the amount has exceeds the limits. As a fact, Maybank did not have their owned ready card. Citibank ready card is benefit to their customer as it is convenient to pay, pay for amount that we use. Another characteristic of a marketing oriented business is making the product is available to customer at a chastise time and place.We already know about product and services of Citibank as Credit Cards, Ready Credit, Home Loans, Loans, Deposits, Investments, Insurance, Islamic Banking. permits take an example of Credit cards, before this Citibank only produced n ormal credit for their customer only. just now now, Citibank produced a new credit card Citibank at work. Citibank at Work takes Citibanks world-class consumer banking products and services right to the doorstep of employees at their workplace. Apart from enjoying customized privileges across a wide range of products including banking accounts, credit cards, loans, deposits and insurance on-site, employees of these companies also have access to financial seminars and lifestyle events, tailored to their specific profiles and needs. By using Citibank at work, business company can do their job efficiently as they have their own business credit card.Q3. Explain four elements of the marketing concept and relate your answer with Citibank case study. FOUR ELEMENTS OF MARKETING orientated ORGANIZATIONProduction Concept is a concept where tidys are produced without taking into consideration the choices or tastes of your customers. It is one of the earliest marketing concepts where goods w ere just produced on the belief that they will be sold because consumers need them. It holds that customers will prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. Manager focusing on this concept concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low cost, and mass distribution. From my opinion, production concept emphasize on distribution of product. This fictional character of concept are easier to use. Based on the case study, Citibank provided more credit card for their customer. Each customer could have more than one credit card. Product Concept holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. Managers focusing on this concept concentrate on making superior products and amend them over time.They assume that buyers admire headspring-made products and can appraise quality and performance. However, these managers are sometimes caught up in a love affair with their product and do not realize what the mark et needs. link to the case study, Citibank improved their product to satisfy customer need. Before this, customer got problem to use their credit card where credit card can be used for loan only. But after an improvement, Citibank come out with Citibank Premier Miles card, Platinum, Citi business, Air-Asia Citibank gold. Next elements use is selling concept. It holds that consumers and businesses if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of the selling companys product.Selling concept also is an idea in marketing that if customers are left to themselves, they will not make the effort to buy a companys products. Therefore, it dictates, companies must be aggressive in pushing their sales. Based on my opinion, if company want to sell their product by using selling concept, they have to be aggressive in promoting their product. Not like the older ways where they promote their product by using agents. As for the Citibank case study, nowadays they advertise their product through inte rnet and media more efficiently.Marketing concept is a business philosophy that combines above three business orientation. It holds that the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of company being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering, and communicating customer value to its selected target customers. These three philosophies are the product, selling, and marketing philosophies. Even though each philosophy has a particular time when it was dominant, a philosophy did not die with the end of its era of dominance. In fact, all three philosophies are being used today. The best way to meet the organizations goals is also by meeting customer needs and wants. The marketing concepts emphasis is to understand the customers before designing and producing a product for them. With the customers wants and needs incorporated into the design and manufacture of the product, sales and profit goals are far more in all likelihood to be met.What are Citibank do to satisfy their customer needs based on marketing concept is they make swot analysis to know what can be done to attract more customer in Citibank. Citibank (2009) has mention that their customers can have their banking activities in the Islamic principles. This not only able attracts more customer but Citibank are show that they understand their customer need in the daily banking activities. This principle have apply in Citibank branch in Malaysia. What are the reasons behind the recent growth in Islamic finance? One is the strong demand from a large number of immigrant and non immigrant Muslims for Sharia-compliant financial services and transactions. (Low chee hua, 2010) In order to compete in the rising of the demand of Islamic Banking, Citibank has introduced the Islamic Banking to their customers. So basically, marketing concept is satisfy customer problem and solved it by looking of what customer need.The societal marketing concept was an offshoot of the marketing concept wherein an o rganization believes in giving back to the society by producing better products targeted towards society welfare. Some have inquiryed whether the marketing concept is an appropriate philosophy in an age of environmental deterioration, resource shortages, explosive population growth, world hunger and poverty, and neglected social services. The marketing concept possibily sidesteps the potential conflicts among consumer wants. Citibank also take part in their societal marketing. Citibank became a major sponsor of the Sydney Swans in 2005, who is play in the AFL.The marketing concept is about ensureing a companys capabilities with customer wants. This matching process takes place in what is called the marketing environment. Businesses do not undertake marketing activities alone. They face threats from competitors, and changes in the political, economic, social and technological environment. All these factors have to be taken into account as a business tries to match its capabilities with the needs and wants of its target customers.An organisation that adopts the marketing concept accepts the needs of potential customers as the basis for its operations. supremacy is dependent on satisfying customer needs. So basically, Citibank use marketing concept to attract more customer to use their services. One of the techniques used is credit card promotion such as present moment Rewards at Shell, Dominos pizza, Samsung S3, Asia web direct. Before this, if customer wants to pay bill or loan they have to go to Citibank. But nowadays, they upgrade their system to online banking so that customer can pay this instant and reduce waste time.Q4. Provide an indication of the likely costs and benefits to Citibank case study in adapting a marketing approach. In Citibank, there are many advantages and disadvantages of a marketing approach.Customer SatisfactionIn customer satisfaction, it refers to which a products perceived performance matches a buyers expectation. It is a measur e of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. We can see based on their services of Citibank do for their customer. In Malaysia, Even the Citibank atm machine is little than the other bank, but their services to customer is good. Citibank will try their best to solve problem of customer credit card so that they will not lose their customer.Customer CareCustomer care is a phrase that is used to describe the process of taking care of our customers in a supreme manner. The term is used in place of complaint handling due to its positive focus, and is a monitoring device that customer satisfaction is a priority. Related to Citibank case study, they care about their customer. we can see that Citibank provide customer services so they will know any problem of customer faced. There is a few customer having problem regarding Citibank delay card. As banks are losing their customer fast, they are coming up with different strategies to retain thei r customers. When/where was the last time you made the transaction with the card? I told him I dont remember anymore since I have a few cards and I have not been using Citibank Card for a while. He insisted me to answer that question before he can proceed, and I insisted I that I dont remember and suggested him to ask another verification question. (Kclau, 2010)Quality of services and products.In company, they must have their own quality of services and products. It is designed to evermore improve the quality of their products, services and marketing concept. In Citibank, their main objective at Citibank is to provide true(p) and quality services to our customers. Our customer service policy has the overall aim of ensuring that our customers are provided with services which are reliable and best suited to their needs. They have to manage and ensure that quality control standards for services are met. Citibank also have online credit card services so they can login anytime, anywher e to view their account details and activities.DISADVANTAGES OF CITIBANKThere is one reason and one reason only that its so belatedly to get a store credit card they are confident that they will make money off of customer purchase. The interest charged on store cards, as compared to bank credit cards, is at least several percentage points higher and often as much as 10-15% higher. As well, one-year fees or sign-up fees may run twice as much as those of standard credit cards. means that, Citibank charged is higher than the other banks in Malaysia, so thats why only businessman use Citibank. It involved high cost in retaining the customers. And also, the target market for Citibank is higher because they only target their customer on businessman.CONCLUSIONAs overall conclusion, Citibank is one of the multinational companies that successful in online based financial institution that operate in Malaysia. Citibank able to understand the culture of local citizen (promo Islamic Banking S ervices), able to gain their market share by solved the geographical problem (online banking services), able to cost cutting by promo the online banking culture to their customer, and able to compete with the local financial institution. We know that Citibank is really cares about their customer and try their best to satisfy customer needs and wants. Based on this concept of marketing, Citibank now are well known in all around the world. Although it is a foreign company but Citibank is a good model to local financial institution to learn their strategies to increase their competitive capability to compete in the global market.