The first miracle by Jeffery Archer Essay Example for Free

The first miracle by Jeffery Archer Essay Jeffery Archer was once an M.P and deputy chairman of the conservative party he now lives in Cambridge with his wife and two sons. He has written many books and a fictitious play called The accused in which he plays himself in a legal battle to clear himself of murder .At the end of the play the audience must vote if he is guilty or not and the evidence is stacked so they will find him innocent. He is a populist writer -writing for the masses . He has been in the newspaper a lot recently as he is going to court again because new evidence has been given against him and it has been found out that he lied whilst under oath. He may go to prison. The mother in this Roman family (Mater) seems a kind, caring sort of person. She is very understanding and protective especially of her son. She is also very pragmatic this is shown when she chooses to wear the clothes of the locals to keep cool but she changes back into imperial dress before her husband comes home from work because she doesnt want to disrespect his wishes. This shows how much she respects and wants to obey her husband .It also shows her secret respect for Bethlehem and its people. She must love her husband because she came away from Rome to Bethlehem where her husband has been sent by the emperor to govern .She also feels a bit frightened of him as though he over power her His mother followed and stood silently drying her eyes just inside the door -This is when the father is beating the boy. She has a lot of power in the family Although she is living in a patriarchal society .She seems to have a lot of control over her son and she is very aware of everything going on around her .She is the sort of peace keeper in the family and she holds the family together. She knows that her son is mischievous and does punish him. She sometimes gets angry Go and play outside, she had snapped But she knows he is good at heart. At the end of the story she tells her son not to mention the miracle to his father because she knows him and she knows he wouldnt believe it and that he may punish them both because he will want to show that he is powerful. This shows that she knows her husband well enough to know how he will react to certain things, this shows that they must be quite a close family. The boys father (Pater) is a Roman governor in Bethlehem and he looks down on the villagers and has a reputation to keep up this is why he doesnt like his wife dressing like them .He is very prejudice against the villagers which rubs off on his wife Never forget that the people here are all thieves He is very forceful and likes to be in control. This is because of his job, which is to keep order in Bethlehem and to count each inhabitant and tax them accordingly. These is why the locals dont like him and are even scared of his son when he goes to the market ,The boy handed him a few of the worthless Herod coins. The man was about to protest but the boy gave him a look he had seen his father give someone once and walked off, (This is probably that they dont want to anger him by arguing with his family) I think he is good at his job because he is in control of the locals -they obey him and the boy respects his father and wants to be like him because he sees how much power he has and he sees him as an important ruler that Rome just couldnt live without. When the boy goes to market -I havent got all day said the boy, trying to sound like his father The only problem is that he brings his job home with him. This is shown by the text still referring to him as the governor when hes at home The governor rose from his chair and removed the leather belt from around his waist this is why he is often a bit overpowering on his family. He loves his wife very much and his son but he doesnt really understand his son and likes them both to know that he is in charge in the family even though it sometimes seems that the mother has more control over their son. He often gets angry with the boy and thrashes him because he wants him to grow up as the governors son and serve the emperor just like him and the boy is often naughty. He doesnt believe his sons story because he doesnt like to think that one of the locals is special and its not really a very believable story, also the boy has pomegranate juice on him showing that he has eaten a pomegranate -the father thinks that he must have eaten the rest of the food too and thats what really happened to the boy. This shows that he doesnt entirely trust his son and he doesnt want to believe that there is another king better than Caesar. The boy is mischievous and sometimes naughty He had to admit hed been naughty that day, even by the standards of a normal 13 year old. but he does mean well. He is very thoughtful and daydreams a lot as a result of this as he does at the beginning of the story .He is like his dad in what he does this is probably because he has been brought up to respect his father and he knows how powerful his dad is and so tries to be like him. He is also like his mum in the way he thinks because he probably spends the majority of his time with her and so he has come to see things her way. He prefers to use brains than Braun: When his friend says, Ill conquer them and you can govern them the boy replies: A sensible division between brains and Brawn It is the boy that sees the real Christmas story because he still has his childhood innocence and is willing to learn. Also, he is Roman -The invader-and most people disliked the Romans so the fact that a Roman witnesses the birth of Christ is a symbol that Christianity is for everybody and so is Christmas. His experience does change him: It broadens his mind and opens him up to see there are other things in the world and good things about Bethlehem .He doesnt see these things before because his father has told him terrible stories about it and he would rather be back home with all his friends in Rome. The description in this particular part of the story is very vivid., Mezmarised Archer has mixed the language of a child with the thoughts of a child in a more adult language which gives a very good description The woman was very fat He doesnt see that she is actually pregnant and this shows his childhood innocence and thoughts. It is easy to imagine because he has used lots of short, one-word descriptions and sentences so that the text is easier to understand and we can get a better picture of the family. There is also a lot of speech to get over the characters personalities. We are shown that this is a Roman family by the way they think of the locals -They are prejudiced against them, this is shown also by the diction of the family That useless Herod! The market scene makes the story seem more real because its the sort of thing that happens every day to everybody showing that for the boy its just an ordinary day until he sees the Christmas story-taking place. I think that Archers aims for the story -apart from money were to convey a moral message that Christmas and Christianity are for everybody. I think that this story is for older children and adults because a small child may struggle to understand it. I like this story and think that its a really good modern way of writing the Christmas story. A really good picture of the family is built up they are quite close and understanding. It seems like the boy is an only child but this just brings the family even closer.

View of humanity ( The Time Machine by H.G. Wells :: essays research papers

H.G. Wells  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Time Machine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mischel Figusch   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Englisch-LK Jg. 13 The view of humanity in The Time Machine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essay This essay is about the view of humanity that arises from â€Å"The Time Machine† It includes the TT’s speeches and his theories about how the Eloi and the Morlocks came to be. It also shows that Wells haunts at critical aspects on society. The first hints at Wells political attitude are already noticeable in the beginning of the novel: â€Å"To discover a society†, said I, â€Å"erected on a strictly communistic basis.†(page 10, line 19) By the example of Eloi and Morlocks, he warns of Capitalism and its consequences to mankind. This vision which is presented in â€Å"The Time Machine† shows or rather forecasts the results of the social split between the leisurely wealthy upper class and the working class, especially in the Victorian England. The increasing development of the division between â€Å"upper† and â€Å"lower† class will lead into a big disaster in further future. The intelligence of the human species is going to be at an unthinkable minimum. All achievements in culture, technology and knowledge will be vanished. â€Å"You see I had always anticipated that the people of the year Eight Hundred and Two Thousand odd would be incredibly in front of us in knowledge, art, everything. Then one of them suddenly asked me a question that showed him to be on the intellectual level of one of our five-year-old children-- asked me, in fact, if I had come from the sun in a thunderstorm!† (page 38, line 4 – 11) The reason for this â€Å"devolutionary evolution† is the non-existence of the necessity to learn more, or rather to use the learned or skilled things. Knowledge and accordingly advancement of knowledge hasn’t got a meaning anymore. In one of his former theories, the TT assumes that the Morlocks, the inferior race (at this point in time) which lives in the underworld, are the direct outcome of England’s East-end worker, who already live â€Å"in such artificial conditions as practically to be cut off from the natural surface of the earth.† (page 77, line 17) â€Å"The Time Machine† can be seen as Wells’s socialist warning of what will befall humanity if capitalism continues to exploit worker for the benefits of the rich.

Botany of a City Essay

The story of each community can be determined by its plant life. Plant life can determine what will inhabit the area and what the economy will thrive on. Atlanta, Georgia is no exception. When the first European explorers reached the upper Piedmont of Georgia, it was already inhabited by Creek Indians, also known as the Muskogee. The Creek Indians believed that there were supernatural powers attributed to all natural things. They used many plants in healing the sick and also believed that there were plants that would provide them with greater hunting powers. The majority of Creek territory was located in the hilly Piedmont. The vegetation was an oak-pine forest, composed of a mixed growth of oak, pine, sassafras, chestnut, and hickory trees. In Indian Territory, Creek lands were a mosaic of oak woodland, tall-grass prairie, and bottomland hardwood forest changing to a mixed long and short-grass prairie on the western periphery of their region. The bulk of the area encompassed a forested belt known as the Cross Timbers. â€Å"Creek Indians chose to settle in stream bottomlands, and tried to avoid the heavily timbered and tall-grass prairie areas. They favored areas that provided reliable wood qand water sources. Limited agriculture, widespread livestock husbandry, and increasingly dispersed tribal towns continued to characterize the Creek landscape. † (Swanton, 2000) This inhabitation of the Creek Indians extended into the early 1800s. The Decatur area was treatied over from the Creeks in 1820. Many people assume that Native Americans left the forests virtually untouched; however, this is not true. Native Americans cleared, farmed, and burned the landscape of Georgia, in some areas greatly impacting and changing the natural landscape. In the Atlanta area, indigenous populations apparently never attained sizable numbers. Therefore, their influence on the present Atlanta landscape probably was minimal. (Swanton, 2000) Many plants native to the Atlanta area were used by both the Indians and others for their medicinal value. The cornus florida (Dogwood tree) is a flowering tree that will reach a height of 25 feet at maturity with a 25 foot spread. A variety of Dogwood trees can be found throughout the country, but the red Dogwood is more common to the southern regions of the country. The red Dogwood grows in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, well drained, clay soils. The red Dogwood has red blooms that appear in the spring. This tree has glossy, red fruit eaten by birds when ripened in the fall. Flowering dogwood was used medicinally by a number of native North American Indian tribes who valued it especially for its astringent and antiperiodic properties. The dried root-bark is antiperiodic, astringent, diaphoretic, mildly stimulant and tonic. The flowers are said to have similar properties. A tea or tincture of the astringent root bark has been used as a quinine substitute to treat malaria and also in the treatment of chronic diarrhea. The bark has also been used as a to treat external ulcers and wounds. The inner bark was boiled and the tea drunk to reduce fevers and to restore a lost voice. A compound infusion of the bark and the root has been used in the treatment of various childhood diseases such as measles and worms. It was often used in the form of a bath. The fruits are used as a bitter digestive tonic. The 1830s to the 1930s was the time of great expansion of agriculture in the Georgia Piedmont. Cotton was a primary crop and land that was flat enough to plow became agricultural land. Even areas of forests were cleared for the production of cotton. This left the ground unprotected from erosion and the loss of topsoil. Cotton as a crop drains the soil of nutrients and in the 1930s the soils became poor. Many farms went bankrupt and farmers abandoned their fields. It wasn’t long before the pines quickly reclaimed most fields, and forestry became the agriculture of the Piedmont. Pines could survive in the poor soils, and the Piedmont gradually reforested, although it has not returned to its original state. From 1930 to 1960, Atlanta slowly grew from a primarily suburban and rural city to a large urban city. Further growth took place from 1965 to present. This period of time saw tremendous residential, industrial, and transportation growth. Atlanta became the great international city that it is today. This expansion eliminated many of our trees, changed drainage patterns, increased impermeable surfaces, and fragmented and isolated habitat patches. (Livingston & Shreve, 1921) Cotton was a primary contributing factor to the growth of Atlanta’s agricultural industry. Cotton grows in a warm climate, with rich soil. Cotton requires a 160-day frost free growing period. Cotton is unique in that the entire plant can be utilized in different ways. The fiber or lint is used in making cotton cloth. Linters provide cellulose for making plastics, explosives, high quality paper products and processed into batting for padding mattresses, furniture and automobile cushions. The cotton seed is crushed and separated, with the oil being used for cooking, and the hulls being used as meal for livestock, or fertilizer. Cotton is a labor intensive crop and expanded the role of slavery in the south. Without the use of slave labor, it is unlikely that farmers would have been able to produce enough cotton to survive. Prior to the Civil War, the cotton industry was challenged as slaves and land became more expensive and harder to find. Farmers tried to plant cotton anywhere they could find, using even poor soil. Cotton growing was proving to be profitable and anyone who could take part in the industry did. With the use of slave labor and the boom of the cotton industry, there became a division of class and race in Atlanta’s society. (www. georgianencyclopedia. com) As a mainstay of the Atlanta agriculture, cotton expositions became a way for Atlanta to attract visitors and expand their economy. Atlanta held its first cotton exposition, the International Cotton Exposition in 1881. The purpose of the exposition was to expand trade, and boost the economy. The International Cotton Exposition was host to more than 200,000 people and lasted for two and a half months. Those who promoted and hosted the exposition were doing so to expand the economy and create an industrial center in Atlanta. The fierce competition in the cotton industry would also lead to the demise of the Atlanta countryside, as farmers leveled forests in order to create more land for the farming of cotton. (Parkins, 1938) The yellow pines played a major role in the development of the railroad in Atlanta and the railroad provided for the growth and expansion of Atlanta and its economy. It was the growth and expansion of the agriculture surrounding Atlanta that created the need for expansion in the transportation industry, namely the railroad. Effective and efficient transportation was needed. Atlanta was growing at rate faster than any other southern city. Competition between communities in the south propelled the expansion of the railroad to Atlanta. Local politicians were aware that transportation would provide for economic prosperity. Atlanta was given railroad connections with the seacoast in 1845. Atlanta’s growth was in part due to its geographic location. The creation of the southern terminus of the first railroad in northern Georgia, the Western and Atlantic, fixed its location and it became a crossroads of railroads in the early 1850’s when a line was built northwestward from Augusta and another from Atlanta to Montgomery. The railroad also brought with it challenges during the Civil War. As a central hub, it was the seat of large manufactures for the Confederate army and a depot for supplies, and sustained major damage during the war. The railroad provided Atlanta with an ability to maintain its trade with the world. (Parkins, 1938) Atlanta was rich in resources to assist in building the railroad. The yellow pines were used as railroad ties and provided timber for construction. The Longleaf Pine is an evergreen that grows mainly along the southern border and the western edge of the United States. In its mature state it will 60 to 80 feet in height, with a 30 to 40 foot spread. The Longleaf Pine grows in alkaline, loamy, rich, wide range, clay soils. The Longleaf Pine thrives in full sun to partial shade. The Longleaf Pine trunk has scaly, coarse, light, orange-brown bark with upright branches forming an oval, open crown. The flexible, dark green needles are up to 18†³ long, and the large, spiny cones are up to 10†³ long and may persist on the tree for two years. For the first five to seven years, the pine stays in a tufted, grass-like stage after germination, growing slowly while the root system develops. It is drought tolerant once the tree is established. Following the grass stage, it grows at a medium to fast rate. The inch long clusters of new growth are silver white during the winter. The roots are sensitive to disturbance during construction. This tree provides food and cover for wildlife, including the now endangered red-cockaded woodpecker. Squirrels, quails, brown-headed nuthatches, and turkeys eat the seeds. (www. georgianencyclopedia. org) Today only 3 million acres across the South contain some longleaf forests, and of that only about 12,000 scattered acres retain an old-growth component with a biologically diverse understory. One study estimates that Georgia maintained more than 4 million acres of longleaf forest in 1936, while just 376,400 acres remained in 1997. The longleaf pine is considered to be the dominant tree species in this ecosystem and is essential to its existence. It is in its understory where the diversity of this system exists and has therefore been threatened. â€Å"In fact, the longleaf pine, grassland forest may well be the most diverse North American ecosystem north of the tropics, containing rare plants and animals not found anywhere else. The understory throughout the longleaf range contains from 150 to 300 species of groundcover plants per acre, more breeding bird than any other southeastern forest type, about 60 percent of the amphibian and reptile species found in the Southeast, and at least 122 endangered or threatened plant species. † (www. georgianencyclopedia. org) Atlanta is a city rich in history and diversity, much of which was created and sustained by its ecology and plant life. It was the plant life that sustained the Creek Indians until their expulsion. Plants, such as the cornus florida were used medicinally among many others. In a time period when modern medicine was not available, it is likely that these medicinal plants played a critical role in everyday life. The role of cotton in the development and subsequent effects to Atlanta cannot be overstated. As a primary crop, it afforded for the growth of the city but came with a cost to its environment and to its citizens. The cotton industry is largely responsible for the race relations and much of the civil unrest that occurred in Atlanta and the southern regions of the United States. Competition that took place for resources resulted in the destruction of forest lands and the establishment of a class society. Cotton also took its toil on the very soil in which it was grown, depleting it of nutrients needed to grow further crops. Although it was important to the economy of the Atlanta area, the result of forced growth and competition was not a successful venue for Atlanta. The Longleaf Pine was only one of a large variety of pine trees that grow in the Atlanta area. The Longleaf Pine provided high-quality lumber for building materials; raw materials for the naval stores industry, and forage for livestock. As with other resources in the Atlanta area, the overuse of forest lands, and the competition for resources depleted the forest and led to a decline in the population of the Longleaf pine. The creation of a large-scale timber industry furthered the decline of the forest area. Atlanta, rich in resources, is a good example of poor management of the land by it inhabitants. Resources that were once plentiful were depleted in order to build industry and create profits. Works Cited Livingston, Burton E. , and Forrest Shreve. The Distribution of Vegetation in the United States: As Related to Climatic Conditions. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1921. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 . New Georgia Encyclopedia. The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem. www. georgianencyclopedia. com 26 Jan. 2007 < http://www. georgiaencyclopedia. org/nge/Article. jsp? id=h-2200&hl=y> Parkins, A. E. The South: Its Economic-Geographic Development. New York: Wiley, 1938. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 . Swanton, John R. Creek Religion and Medicine. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 . Tang, Anthony M. Economic Development in the Southern Piedmont, 1860-1950: Its Impact on Agriculture. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1958. Questia. 26 Jan. 2007 .

Coral Reef - 2578 Words

CORAL REEFS Almost every one of us have heard and most of you have seen the Coral reefs but did you know what actually these are: As a mariner its important to know about the marine life, that was one reason I have chosen this topic for my todays short presentation. GM, my scheme of presentation will be as flashed: DEFINATION OF CORAL REEF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORAL AND CORAL POLYP WHERE WE CAN FIND CORAL CONSTRUCTION OF CORAL REEFS CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH OF CORAL REEFS TYPES OF CORAL REEFS THREAT TO CROAL REEFS WHAT SHOULD A MARINER DO IN CORAL RICH AREAS FUTURE OF CORAL REEFS CONCLUSION What is a coral reef? Coral reefs are huge structures made of limestone that is deposited by living things. There are†¦show more content†¦Corals dont grow very well near river openings or costal areas with too much, because corals need salt water to survive. What do corals need to survive? #61623; Sunlight: Corals need to grow in shallow water where sunlight can reach them. Since corals depend on the zooxanthellae (algae) that grow inside of them and this algae needs sunlight to survive, corals too need sunlight to survive. Therefore, corals rarely develop deeper than 50 meters (165 feet). #61623; Clear Water: Corals need clear water to survive and dont thrive well when the water is opaque. Sediment and plankton can cloud the water which decreases the amount of sunlight that reaches the zooxanthellae. #61623; Temperature: Reef building corals require warm water conditions to survive. Different corals living in different regions can withstand different temperature fluctuations. However, corals generally live in water temperatures ranging from 20 to 32 degrees Celsius (68 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit). #61623; Clean Water: Corals are sensitive to pollution and sediments. Sediments can settle on coral, blocking out sunlight and smothering coral polyps. Pollution from sewage and fertilizers increases nutrient levels in the water, harming corals. When there are too many nutrients in the water, the ecological balance of the coral community is altered. #61623; Saltwater: Corals need saltwater to survive and require a certain balance in the ratio of salt to water. This isShow MoreRelatedCoral Reefs And Coral Reef1180 Words   |  5 Pages Coral reefs in Belize have declined in abundance over the past decade. The reefs have experienced massive losses due to many local and global stressors such as bleaching, disease, sewage, overfishing, climate change, and tourism damage. After Hurricane Iris in 2001, the coral reef in Belize was left for the dead due to no growth. Direct impacts such as hurricanes are associated with the loss of architectural complexity of coral habitats. The loss of this coral reef complication drives the declineRead MoreThe Reefs And Its Effects On The Coral Reefs1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are many coral reefs. This island I chose to look at, is called Desecheo Island or Isla de Desecheo. 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Aside from its biologically diverse ecosystems, coral reefs are major source of food for millions and provides habitats and nursery areas for many marine organisms. Coral reefs also act as a physical buffer to protect the coastlines from tropical storms and erosion. In addition, many local communities rely on coral reefs to generate an income through activitiesRead MoreCoral Reefs Need Help2489 Words   |  10 Pagestaking care of endangered coral reefs now! World government leaders should establish laws to protect them. People may ask, â€Å"If coral reefs are in such danger, why don’t we fix the problem since they provide benefits for the whole world?† Frankly, it’s not that simple. Protecting enda ngered coral reefs will provide the whole world with long lasting benefits. To figure out how to solve the problem, we must start with the benefits they provide for humans and nonhumans. 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